How did Mao Zedong establish the People's Republic of China in his time
How Japan saved the life
of Mao Zedong?
Who was the general who
kidnapped his own leader and changed the whole war situation?
Why Mao was asking for
American help?
You will also see the
story of establishment of Peoples Republic of China.
I am Muhammad Sadaqat Ali
and you read, History of China,...
from Opium to the CPEC.
Chiang began to prepare
for a decisive attack on the Communists as the Mao's long march got over. He
was sure of his success without realizing some of his colleagues were
consipiring against him. Japan was at the back of conspiracy against Chiang.
Yes Japan.
You have learnt of
History of China that the UK, the US, France, Russia and Japan.. had divided
China among themselves. But the UK and France were not capable of meddling with
China in a big way after the World War II. The US was 7000kms away from China
and had not become the super power as yet. While Japan had already expelled
Russia from China in 1904 war. Therefore Japan wanted to enslave China as of
right. Because occupation of China had to provide Japan workers for its
factories... and a big market for its products as well. Japan seized an
important coastal city Manchuria of China in 1931. Later Japan also occupied
Pieking, that is called Beijing at present. But Chiang Kai Shek instead of
facing Japan was concentrating on fighting the Communists. He had also shifted
the capital from Shanghai to Nanking (Nanjing) 300kms away. This place was
quite at a distance from Japanese army so Kai Shek was focused on the
Communists.
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| How did Mao Zedong establish the People's Republic of China in his time Millionwar |
But Kai Shek's own
generals did not like this policy. They wanted to fight the aliens, Japan,
instead of fighting their own countrymen. Therefore a mutiny took place in the
army. Chang Hsuech Liang, a General of Kai Shek army, tried the best to
convince him on fighting Japan. But Kai Shek snubbed him. Frustrated by this
conduct, Chang Hsuech struck a secret agreement with Mao's group. It was agreed
that Chang would not attack the Communists and they would help him against
Japan General Chang in a suprised move kidnapped his own leader Kai Shek and
demanded... Kai Shek to declare war against Japan. 100,000 soldiers were also
demanding the same along with General Chang. The loyalists of Gen. Chang and
Kai Shek also had a fight wherein many of Kai's close associates died. Kai Shek
accepted the demand of fighting Japan for the sake of his life. Gen. Chang set
Kai Shek free.
But he give him to the
custody of Kai in order to ensure his honesty and sincerity. What an awesome simplicity
it was on his part! Kai Shek put Chang under detention where he spent 53 years.
He was released at 90 when he was almost blind. Gen. Chang became hero of the
Chinese people after he had forced Kai Shek on fighting Japan It is other way
round that not many in China know this hero today. Anyway the rebellion of Gen.
Chang had made Kai Shek to stand against Japan. And Kai also became friend of
the Communists for the time being. Mao also wanted Kai to shift the focus from
attacking the Communists so that he could strengthen his army. He not only
reconciled with Kai but also announced to join Kai's army against Japan. First
clash between 3000 Chinese and 7000 Japanese soldiers took place on July 7,
1937 near Peiking. 10 Japanese and over 200 Chinese were killed in that fight. It
was just the beginning and a series of unabated clashes followed it. Japan
declared all out war in response to Chinese attacks. In November 1937, Japanese
army assaulted the coastal city of China, Shanghai. The seaport caught fire due
to intense bombing and thousands of Chinese left the city.
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| How did Mao Zedong establish the People's Republic of China in his time Millionwar |
The Chinese troops also
began to take refuge in the French diplomatic areas. And Japan captured the
city. After that Japanese advanced to Nanking. Nanking was protected by strong
walls but Japanese entered the city through two gates. Then bloodshed began. Japanese
ruthlessly killed 300,000 Chinese soldiers and the citizens. They raped
thousands of women and plundered the city. This bloodbath is remembered as
'Nanking Massacre' even today. Another incident took place along with Nanking
massacre. Nanking being the Chinese capital also held a huge treasure of
antiquities, costly paintings, statues, etc. The Chinese also lost this
treasure. A week before the Japanese occupation of Nanking, some Britishers
took away this treasure to Britain. Filled in 5000 boxes this treasure was
1500-tone heavy. Pathetically, the Chinese themselves carried this treasure on
their back and uploaded it on the ships. The nations which do not value their
heritage, lose their treasures like this.
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| How did Mao Zedong establish the People's Republic of China in his time Millionwar |
Now the Japanese planes
were heavily bombing the Chinese cities. But the Japanese army was also
committing another oppression on the Chinese. Japan had a Unit 731 that
comprised 3500 doctors, nurses, and engineers. This Unit conducted experiments
using chemicals on the imprisoned Chinese. These experiments aimed at preparing
new weapons to win the war. This Units used poisonous chemicals on thousands of
Chinese to carry out the experiments. Over 3000 Chinese and Koreans were lost
to the experiments and their bodies disposed of near Tokyo. Japan denied the
existence of this Unit. Till 90s, Japan continued to assert that the narration
of Unit 731 was totally false. But later Japan admitted the existence of the
Unit and also released names of its members. After losing Nanking, Kai Shek
took the Capital to Hankou, 500 kms away. Here he begin to prepare to face
Japan. About 7 million Chinese from other areas also migrated to Hankou. War
with Japan and the migrants's arrival weakened the Kai Shek government. The UK
and the US were liberally aiding Kai Shek but the money was going to
corruption. Corruption in the army was so deep that officers were stealing the
rice that were meant for the soldiers. They were filling sand in the bags to
complete the weight. Trainee soldiers were chained to prevent them from
fleeing. It goes that 1.5million soldiers had perished before they could finish
training. Thus corruption and oppression generated hatrad for Kai Shek rule. On
the other, Mao was safe far away from the Japanese attacks. Contrary to Kai
Shek, he also did not have any problem about running the government.
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| How did Mao Zedong establish the People's Republic of China in his time Millionwar |
Because the whole
government departments were under Kai Shek's control. And Mao free of state
worries, was screwing up his strength. Mao created secret forces of his
soldiers in the villages under Japan control and they launched guerilla
attacks. Thus the Chinese out of hate for Japan began to regard Mao their
saviour instead of Kai Shek. Mao also got the advantage when Japan sent its
army to fight the US in World War taking it out of China. So Mao occupied the
areas which the Japanese army had vacated. Hence a large territory came under
his control after some time. America also began to reach out to Mao. Although
America regarded Kai Shek its ally instead of Mao yet it wanted maximum number
of... Chinese trained to fight the Japanese. So the US offered Mao to train his
soldiers. Mao accepted the offer. Hence the US advisers imparted training to
Mao's soldiers for some time.
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| How did Mao Zedong establish the People's Republic of China in his time Millionwar |
However it was otherwise
that the US sympathies remained with Kai Shek till last On September 2, 1945
Japan surrendered and signed the agreement. And the World War II, came to an
end. The US army entered Japan. America had seized Japan but in China Mao and
Kai Shek entered a race on the question... that who would made the Japanese
army to lay down the arms in China. Since Kai Shek enjoyed the US support so
America took his soldiers in its planes to the important areas. The Japanese
army laid down the arms before Kai Shek. Thus America gave the signal that Kai
Shek was the real hero of the War. But it was too late by then. The Chinese
were no more with Kai Shek as they regarded Mao their real leader. America
apprehended China going into the hands of the Communists like Russia
the establishment of
Peoples Republic of China before 300,000 people at Tian Ming Square, Peiking. Chiang
Kai Shek fled to Taiwan where he set up his government. But before departure he
also took away money and gold stashed in the banks in the areas under his
control. He wanted to fail the new Chinese government from becoming
economically independent. Mao had established the rule but many countries were
not ready to recognize it. The US and its allies did not recognize Mao's
government and continued to acknowledge Kai Shek as real ruler of China. The
UNO seat was also given to Kai Shek instead of Mao. Taiwan todate is separated
from China which is trying to get it in its folds. America did not accept the
new government of China, yet Russia and its friends in the Communists bloc... immediately
recognized Mao's government. Outside the Communist states, Myanmar was the
first and India second that accepted Mao's government. Pakistan was the first
country of the Muslim world which recognized China. Pakistan accepted China on
January 4, 1950 but their formal diplomatic ties began in May 1951. But when
Mao was establishing his rule in China, an explosion occurred in Soviet
Russia... that engulfed the whole Korea in fire.
What was that story?
What was the result of
the first encounter between the Chinese and the American forces?
What situation was
caused by the fight between the American and the Russian war planes?
The account of Korean
war and the Pakistan and the Indian role will also be shown to you...
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